adminstep 1), fewer other-gender friends (Hdos), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (H3). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (Hcuatro). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H5). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (H6) and mixed-gender friendships (Hseven).
Players.
Users were recruited regarding four local high universities (you to definitely all-people, you to all of the-boys and two coeducational) located in demographically diverse areas from inside the Hong-kong. Members provided Function step 1 in order to 6 (seven th in order to several th level) children except for the fresh most of the-girls college or university, from which Function six youngsters was omitted as a result of the school’s plan for social examination preparing. Forms was basically applied by a category teacher inside for each group. Players done methods toward depending details and advertised their month-to-month friends earnings, adult knowledge and age, quantities of sisters and you can brothers, and ethnicity. This study was carried out in conformity into the recommendations and you can approval of your University regarding Hong kong Person Look Ethics Committee (HKU HREC). Students’ assent and you can couch potato concur off mothers or happn sign up guardians was indeed gotten prior to research range. All the subjects provided composed told agree in accordance with the Declaration from Helsinki.
A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, Mage = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Table 1.
Gender salience scale.
Gender salience are mentioned because of the McGuire mais aussi al.’s the reason means . That it scale has been shown are regarding the otherwise affected from the gender structure [27,53]. Users was requested to offer three short responses to every from those two questions: “Let me know what you are” and you may “Let me know what you are maybe not”. They were coached to jot down whatever they you are going to consider quickly. Brand new responses was then coded just like the “gender-related” otherwise “non-gender-related”. Dining table 2 shows examples of that it coding plan. Answers was indeed earliest coded alone because of the two coders. Inter-rater accuracy is actually large for everyone solutions (every ? > .93). Disagreements have been then solved of the conversations between the two programmers. The total level of intercourse-related responses along the one or two questions is actually summed to suggest gender salience.